Jack Russel Terriers :: essays papers

Jack Russel Terriers The Jack Russel Terrier is a stunning little pooch. The variety has been utilized for hundreds of years; with it’s fundamental reason for existing being Fox chasing. It was not found up to this point, notwithstanding, what extraordinary mates they make. There are numerous parts of the variety one should mull over before a pup is bought. The perspectives that is destined to be talked about in this exposition are: character, generally speaking appearance, and preparing too. The Jack Russell Terrier is a variety which requires a ton of exertion to possess, however is extremely compensating once a solid bond has been created with the creature. Before picking a pup a potential proprietor should examine what qualities they need out their Terrier and furthermore what to search for when settling on a choice on a doggy. The variety has a size range from 10-15 crawls at the shrivels in the standard of the Jack Russell Terrier Club of America and 12-14 creeps in the American Kennel Club (AKC) standard. â€Å"It can have smooth, wiry, or broken coat. It is generally white with dark, tan, or earthy colored markings† (Brown 35). There is short and long legged assortments also. There are numerous qualities which make a canine â€Å"good† by the AKC and JRTCA. The canine must seem adjusted and be in fit condition. Ears are decently thick with the fold tipped forward towards the front of the skull. The chest is moderately shallow and restricted, giving an athletic appearance. The backside gives force and drive, feet are feline like with hard cushions, and the high-set tail is docked to around four crawls long. Development ought to be free, exuberant, and all around composed (Nicholas 42). Another significant factor is the canines bloodline, and in the event that it is even ensured. It is particularly significant if the expected proprietor cares to raise the pooch that they think about every one of these elements. It is a lot simpler to discover willing raisers when one possesses an extraordinary pooch. One must recollect however the dog’s attributes and bloodline legitimately relate to how costly it is. Most proprietors, whenever asked, would not surrender their Jack Russell for anything on earth, However, whenever solicited in the initial a half year from possession they would have offered anything to dispose of it. The consideration and preparing of a Jack Russel Terrier are significant

The Large Hadron Collider and the Frontier of Physics

The Large Hadron Collider and the Frontier of Physics The study of molecule material science takes a gander at the very structure squares of issue - the iotas and particles that make up a significant part of the material in the universe. Its a perplexing science that requires meticulous estimations of particles moving at high speeds. This science got a gigantic lift when the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) started tasks in September 2008. Its name sounds very science-fictiony however the word collider really clarifies precisely what it does: send two high-vitality molecule pillars at almost the speed of light around a 27-kilometer long underground ring. At the opportune time, the shafts are compelled to impact. Protons in the shafts then crush together and, if all works out in a good way, littler odds and ends - called subatomic particles - are made for brief minutes in time. Their activities and presence are recorded. From that movement, physicists become familiar with the extremely crucial constituents of issue. LHC and Particle Physics The LHC was worked to address some amazingly significant inquiries in material science, diving into where mass originates from, why the universe is made of issue rather than its contrary stuff called antimatter, and what the secretive stuff known as dim issue might be. It could likewise give significant new pieces of information about conditions in the very earlyâ universe when gravity and electromagnetic powers were completely joined with the feeble and solid powers into one widely inclusive power. That just occurred for a brief timeframe in the early universe, and physicists need to know why and how it changed.â The study of molecule material science is basically the inquiry forâ the exceptionally essential structure squares of issue. We think about the iotas and particles that cause up all that we see and to feel. The particles themselves are comprised of littler segments: the core and electrons. The core is itself comprised of protons and neutrons. That is not the stopping point, be that as it may. The neutrons are comprised of subatomic particles called quarks. Are there littler particles? That is the thing that molecule quickening agents are intended to discover. The manner in which they do this is to make conditions like what it resembled soon after the Big Bang - the occasion that started the universe. By then, some 13.7 billion years prior, the universe was made distinctly of particles. They were dispersed uninhibitedly through the newborn child universe and wandered continually. These incorporate mesons, pions, baryons, and hadrons (for which the quickening agent is named). Molecule physicists (the individuals who study these particles) suspect that issue is comprised of at any rate twelve sorts of crucial particles. They are partitioned into quarks (referenced above) and leptons. There are six of each sort. That lone records for a portion of the major particles in nature. The rest are made in super-fiery impacts (either in the Big Bang or in quickening agents, for example, the LHC). Inside those crashes, molecule physicists get a quick look at what conditions resembled in the Big Bang, when the crucial particles were first made. What is the LHC? The LHC is the biggest atom smasher on the planet, an older sibling to Fermilab in Illinois and other littler quickening agents. LHC is situated close to Geneva, Switzerland, constructed and worked by the European Organization for Nuclear Research, and utilized by in excess of 10,000 researchers from around the globe. Along its ring, physicists and specialists have introduced very solid supercooled magnets that guide and shape the light emissions through a bar pipe). When the bars are moving quick enough, specific magnets control them to the right positions where the crashes happen. Specific indicators record the impacts, the particles, the temperatures and different conditions at the hour of the crash, and the molecule activities in the billionths of a second during which the crush ups happen. What Has the LHC Discovered? At the point when molecule physicists arranged and assembled the LHC, one thing they would have liked to discover proof for is the Higgs Boson. Its a molecule named after Peter Higgs, who anticipated its reality. In 2012, the LHC consortium reported that analyses had uncovered the presence of a boson that coordinated the normal standards for the Higgs Boson. Notwithstanding the proceeded with look for the Higgs, researchers utilizing the LHC have made whats called a quark-gluon plasma, which is the densest issue thought to exist outside of a dark opening. Other molecule tests are helping physicists get supersymmetry, which is a spacetime balance that includes two related sorts of particles: bosons and fermions. Each gathering of particles is thought to have a related superpartner molecule in the other. Seeing such supersymmetry would give researchers further knowledge into whats called the standard model. Its a hypothesis that clarifies what the world is, the thing that holds its iss ue together, and the powers and particles included. The Future of the LHC Activities at the LHC have included two significant watching runs. In the middle of every one, the framework is repaired and moved up to improve its instrumentation and indicators. The following updates (scheduled for 2018 and past) will remember an expansion for collisional speeds, and an opportunity to build the glow of the machine. This means LHC will have the option to see always uncommon and quick happening procedures of molecule speeding up and crash. The quicker the impacts can happen, the more vitality will be discharged as ever-littler and harder-to-recognize particles are included. This will give molecule physicists a far and away superior gander at the very structure squares of issue that make up the stars, cosmic systems, planets, and life.

The Importance Of Essay Writing

The Importance Of Essay WritingThe importance of essay writing should be stressed more. In fact, it has been found that just a few of the students get the idea of writing one, and so, they even go to such extent as to postpone it as they think that it is difficult to write the essay.Firstly, it has been noticed that this task can be made quite easy. This has been found to be the case because many people who are going to write it make it very easy for themselves by learning to do so from the many ways that the internet has to offer. These people have mastered the art of doing it on their own, and this gives them the assurance that it will not be too hard for them to write the essay that is required.The importance of essay writing is seen to be more if the essay was written at the last minute. However, the number of essays to be written has actually increased when deadlines are also required. It is very important to note that if deadlines are expected, there should be a preparation and planning period, otherwise the stress that has to be exerted will be unbearable.The preparation is all the more important if the essay is going to be written from scratch. This can be done by going through the material prepared from home by the students. Such material is known as homework and is given to the students so that they can practice writing.The papers are prepared in a manner that it needs to be checked and corrected by the students. There is also the option of letting the student write his own paper, if he is able to come up with an essay that is satisfying.The students can also put forward their papers to their teacher's approval, and this will let the teacher know whether the students have any difficulties in understanding the question or whether they have understood it. There is also the benefit of writing in addition to reading for the students, which makes the students quite sharp. In fact, this should be done in order to bring out the power of the written form and thus, the importance of essay writing gets elevated.The students will also learn the value of the essay, if they get some feedback about it from other students. If a particular student manages to write an essay that is of the highest standard, he may also get an incentive from the teacher. This will enable him to increase his level of confidence and therefore, the importance of essay writing gets enhanced.The importance of essay writing has been recognised at a professional level too. Many professional educators now recommend writing essays, and so, the importance of essay writing has been raised and given the significance it deserves. In fact, this is the best way to ensure that the students do not get behind in their studies.

The Ethics Of Assisted Suicide - 1526 Words

Abstract Physician assisted suicide, otherwise noted as â€Å"PAS,† has existed for many years, however has made a controversial appearance in legislation recently. Patients’ and their end of life decisions have shaped the way PAS has been portrayed today. Nurses play an important role in the everyday life of transitioning patients, which places them at the forefront of assisted suicide. Nurses must have clear and defined rules when it applies to assisted suicide, and what they can do if this situation were to ever be considered by a patient. Until political change occurs, nurses must adhere to the Code of Ethics as defined by the ANA. Many arguments are being proposed to change legislation in favor of assisted suicide.†¦show more content†¦It has been available in parts of Switzerland since 1942 (Darr, 2007), however assisted suicide was not introduced to the United States until 1990. Not only is euthanasia allowed, but even individuals as young as 16 years of age can request assisted suicide (Darr, 2007). Dr. Jack Kevorkian or â€Å"Dr. Death† was the first to be known for euthanizing and assisting his patients with suicide by utilizing a device that â€Å"enabled people who wanted to die to self ­administer toxic chemicals, after initial assistance from a physician† (Darr, 2007, p. 31). This idea sparked a legal and ethical dilemma that is still discussed heavily today in many settings. Currently there are currently five states that allows physician assisted suicide in the United States. Washington, Oregon, Vermont, Montana, and New Mexico (within certain jurisdictions) all currently allow this legislation (Time, 2014). Since this recognition, other states such as California are also considering introducing similar assisted suicide bills. For example, California has introduced the â€Å"End of Life Option Act† as of January 2015, which resembles SHIFTED NURSING VIEWS ON ASSISTED SUICIDE 4 Oregon’s Physician Assisted Suicide laws (Trossman, 2015). Views on whether PAS is ethical have been increasing around the United States. ANA Standards for Assisted Suicide The Code of Ethics as defined by the The American Nurse Association has established a set of standards for how a

Presidency of Abraham Lincoln Essays - 1486 Words

Many Americans believed that the election of 1860 would decide the fate of the Union. The Democratic Party was the only party in the national scope. The convention in Charleston, South Carolina in 1860 split the Democratic Party. Stephen Douglas wanted his party’s presidential nomination, but he could not afford to alienate northern voters by accepting the southern position on the territories. However, Southern Democrats insisted on recognition of their rights, as the Dred Scott decision had defined them and they moved to block Douglas’s nomination( Bialy, 2007, p. 383). Douglas obtained a majority for his version of the platform, delegates from the South walked out of the convention. After compromise efforts the Democrats presented two†¦show more content†¦Victory was won in the Electoral College for Lincoln. This election firmly established the Republicans who held presidency for 60 of the next 100 years. He helped form the new Republican Party, drawing on re mnants of the old Whig, Free Soil, Liberty and Democratic parties. The core issue of the Republican Party, and Lincoln was over the extension of slavery. Abolitionists and supporters of free soil in the North worked to keep the Republicans from compromising on their territorial stand. In the South, proslavery advocates and secessionists gathered public opinion and demanded that state conventions assemble to consider secession. Lincoln made the decision not to soften his party’s position on the territories. Lincoln wrote of the necessity of maintaining the bond of faith between voter and candidate and â€Å"of declining to set â€Å"the minority over the majority†. Although many conservatives Republicans, eastern businessmen, and former Whigs were adamant to stop the expansion of the peculiar institution† (Bialy, 2007, p.384). Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky tried to put together a late-hour compromise. Hoping to avoid disunion, Crittenden proposed that the two sections divided the territories between them at latitude 36 º30. The southerners would agree to this proposal only if the Republicans did, too, they wanted no less and knew that extremist in the South would demand more. LincolnShow MoreRelatedThe Life And Presidency Of Abraham Lincoln1375 Words   |  6 Pagesthese traits through personal experience or through exemplary leadership. The life and presidency of Abraham Lincoln â€Å"demonstrated that he possessed all of the great leadership qualities.† (Phillips). Lincoln’s philosophies on interacting amongst troops, encouraging innovation, handling unjust criticism, and being a master of paradox are still applicable in modern day pharmacy practice. When Abraham Lincoln took his oath in becoming the next president the nation was facing what seemed as an insurmountableRead MoreEssay on The Exceptional Presidency of Abraham Lincoln1019 Words   |  5 PagesWhen Abraham Lincoln was elected president, he inherited a nation entrenched in chaos. Throughout his presidency he led the Union through a trying period highlighted by the secession, the institution of slavery, and the greatest internal conflict in the history of the United States, the Civil War. Lincoln stuck to his principles during this arduous time and through this was able to re-unite the nation. With no historical precedents to help validate his actions, Lincoln still succeeded in bringingRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Lifetime And Presidency945 Words   |  4 PagesJames McPherson views Abraham Lincoln throughout his lifetime and presidency. In writing Abraham Lincoln, McPherson sought to concisely capture the most important events of Lincoln’s life along with his input on why he felt that Lincoln was such a tremendous leader. The three main points of his argument include Lincoln’s prior government experience and stance on issues, his changes while in office, and the overall opinions of the general public during his time in office. Lincoln highly disliked hisRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln s Presidency1589 Words   |  7 Pagestime of Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, Lincoln made a vast number of speeches and wrote many letters. These letters and speeches focused on a variety of topics and issues that were prominent before, during, and after the time of the Civil War. During this time, slavery was one of, if not the top main issue in the United States. Lincoln was very outspoken on his views of slavery, what he wanted to happen, and what he did not want to happen with the institution. One of the main points that Lincoln makesRead MoreWhen Referring To Abraham Lincoln During His Presidency,1914 Words   |  8 PagesWhen ref erring to Abraham Lincoln during his presidency, he is often remembered as â€Å"The Great Emancipator†. Upon looking into his earlier life, one can develop firm conclusions as to what factors influenced Lincoln. One can also call into question whether his actions toward emancipation were sufficient, or if he deserves credit at all. Various events before Lincoln’s presidency allowed his opinions of the institution of slavery to develop. During his childhood, he was exposed to slavery, while hisRead MoreAbraham Lincoln and the Fourth Estate: The White House and the Press During the American Civil War by Richard Carwardine565 Words   |  3 PagesIn â€Å"Abraham Lincoln and the Fourth Estate: The White House and the Press during the American Civil War† Richard Carwardine discusses the incredible increase in the Press’ contribution to the American Civil War. Carwardine explains Abraham Lincoln’s role with the media and his use of newspapers as polit ical weaponry from before the election and into his presidency. This topic is significant because it illustrates Abraham Lincoln’s intelligence and strengths as a president during the Civil War. TheRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Second Inaugural Address1070 Words   |  5 PagesOn March 4, 1865 Abraham Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address as president of the United States. The inaugural address came at the very end of the American Civil War, and just a month before the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Prior to this address, the United States had been split into two different independent states, the Union and the Confederacy. Throughout Abraham Lincoln’s first term and the very beginning of his second, Lincoln had to deal with the secession of the eleven statesRead MoreThe Views On Lincoln s Presidency1738 Words   |  7 PagesHistorian’s Views on Lincoln’s Presidency After reading several historians’ texts regarding Lincoln’s opinions and policies toward slavery, and the unification of a nation as a whole, I distinguished that several authors have contending visions of Lincoln’s actions during his presidency. Some authors (Dirck, Guelzo, Striner) portray Lincoln as the great emancipator in depicting him as a crusader whose main purpose during the Civil War was only to accomplish the abolishment of slavery.Read MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1217 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln was born in the year 1809 on February 12th in the town of Hardin County, Kentucky to Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. Growing up Lincoln had no proper education, consequently he read books and educated himself. During Lincoln’s young adult years, he worked a various number of jobs as a shopkeeper, surveyor, and a postmaster. In 1832, Lincoln became a captain of the Hawk War against the Native Americans. Shortly after the war was over, h e began his political career and was elected to theRead MoreThe Presidency Of The United States1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe Presidency While some nineteenth century presidents, such as Abraham Lincoln, wielded great power and significantly influenced the future of the United States, many were really just caretakers eclipsed in prominence by various industrialists and robber barons. The modern American presidency was actually the creation of Theodore and Franklin Roosevelt who by different means expanded and strengthened the office of the President of the United States. The Roosevelt family revolutionized how the

The ANC and PACs Influence on the Fall ofo the Apartheid...

Since its colonization by England and the Dutch, South Africa’s government struggled under power hungry colonial leaders and most recently under the white dominated Apartheid regime. Before colonization, South Africa was ruled by different tribes each having jurisdiction over their section of land. Eventually, South Africa like so many other Africa countries, fell victim to European colonization. The first European settlers were Dutch, who arrived in 1652 and worked for the Dutch East India Company, whose main focuses were trade, exploration, and colonization. In 1820 the British arrived and for years South Africa was suppressed and ruled by Britain and the Dutch. Finally, South Africa gained independence on May 31, 1910. The country was unified from its previous divided British colonies and was now called the Union of South Africa, ruled by its minority white population. In 1948, the National Party won the election and was lead by Daniel Malan. Malan and the National Party in stalled the apartheid system, a word meaning apartness, which segregated the country into blacks to whites. In 1950, Malan created the Registration Act and which required everyone to classify according to race, and African Americans were forced to live in separate cities and ostracized by the white population. Through almost 50 years South Africa lived through a dark stage while the rest of the world shunned them and the UN deemed the apartheid a â€Å"crime against humanity.† The Apartheid was finally

Steve Biko vs. Malcolm X free essay sample

Steve Biko vs. Malcolm X BY Jdharns5210 Malcolm X and Steve Biko Black Consciousness Malcolm X and Steve Biko were one of the two most preeminent leaders in world history. These men changed lives and stood up for millions of Africans and African Americans during their short lives. These two men lived by a saying black is beautiful. They also believed that black people in the United States as well as Africans mainly in South Africa deserved the same rights and equality as any other man in the world. They lived through the rough era of the discrimination in the United States and Apartheid in South Africa. Malcolm X and Steve Bikos lives were ended shortly due to assassinations by people who hated them. Who was Steve Biko? Steve Biko was an anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and 70s. Steve Biko was born in Kingwilliamstown, South Africa in 1946. He later studied to become a doctor at the University of Natal Medical School in South Africa. Steve Biko was the creator of the famous phrase â€Å"black is beautiful†. This amazing phrase he created was meant to generate pride in oneself and pride within the race. Specifically being the African race. In 1968 Biko formed an organization called SASO, which stands for South African Students’ Organization. He formed this group because he felt that black, Indian and colored students needed an organization of their own. He was then elected first president in July of 1969. Later in 1970 he was selected as the Publicity Secretary. This group SASO was later involved into the Black Consciousness Movement. Black Consciousness to Steve Biko is defined as â€Å"the realization by the black man of the need to rally together with his brothers around the cause of their operation† (Biko, 49†), he also said â€Å"It seeks to infuse the black community with a new found pride in themselves, their efforts, their value systems, their culture, their religion and their outlook to life† (Biko, 49). In an interview Steve Biko did he said â€Å"I basically think Black Consciousness refers itself to the black man and to his situation, and I think the black man is subjected to two forces in this country. † (Biko, 100). The Black Consciousness movement that Biko and other like-minded activists created the growth of Black Power in the United States. The Black Consciousness movements system was founded in black Christianity. This was a way to support non-violence action from his great influence from Mahatma Gandhi. In another interview when Steve Biko was asked about Black Liberation he replied, â€Å"Liberation therefore is of paramount importance in the concept of Black Consciousness, for we cannot be conscious of ourselves and yet remain in bondage. We want to attain the envisioned self which is a free self†. Steve Biko basically means that if you understand the Black Consciousness movement, you would realize that Black Liberation would not come from only imagining and fighting for political changes as the ANC (also known as the African National Congress) did. But, it would also come from a psychological transformation in the minds of black people themselves. Who was Malcolm X? Malcolm X was born by the name of Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. His mother, Louise Norton Little was a homemaker that had to raise her eight children. His father, Earl Little, was a Baptist minister and passionate supporter of the Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Malcolm’s fathers’ civil rights involvement stimulated death threats from the white supremacist organization Black Legion, forcing the family to relocate twice before Malcolms fourth birthday. Growing up, Malcolm had much to deal with. He had to get over the death of his father, his mother being sent to a mental home, being separated from his family and siblings, and most of all he had to brush off the racism that was being thrown at him from early ages. Malcolm was also a very smart student. He graduated from junior high at the top of his class. Malcolm’s life did a complete one hundred eighty degree turn. He was convicted to 10 years in a federal prison and while in prison he converted to Nation of Islam. He was already influenced by his family members to convert to the Nation of Islam, but when he was in jail he became heavily influenced by a man by the name of Elijah Mohammed. His younger brother Reginald also had a great influence of Malcolm. Reginald began telling Malcolm more about the Nation of Islam’s spiritual leader, Elijah Muhammad. Elijah Muhammad’s main message was to teach everyone that all white men are devils. After hearing what Elijah says, Malcolm thinks of all the white people he has come across in his young life. He remembers the social workers who split up his family, the teacher who discouraged him from becoming a lawyer and his customers when he worked as a porter and a pimp. He also considers the white policemen, judge, and guards who have united to lock him away in jail. Every one of these people has done him harm to him in some way. He begins to undergo an overpowering change and accepts the truth of the Nation of Islam. Malcolm once said, â€Å"If you’re afraid of Black Nationalism, you’re afraid of revolution. And if you love revolution, you love Black Nationalism’’. He believed that nationalism brought freedom to those in the people in Africa, and he also believed that nationalism would bring freedom to the African Americans in the United States. Even though Malcolm X was a non-violent activist, he still believed to an extent that violence was a way to solve problems going on. He said that non-violence was the â€Å"philosophy of the fool†. He believed that African Americans would have to regain their national identity, clinch the rights covered by the Second Amendment, and defend themselves from white domination and extrajudicial violence. Malcolm also believed that African Americans must create their own society and ethical values, community-based businesses such as the Alcoholics Anonymous. These were some of that acts that the black Muslims supported. He also thought that African Americans should reject integration or cooperation with Caucasians until they could achieve internal cooperation and unity. Black Consciousness became important to Malcolm X once he got into prison. Black Consciousness in the eyes of Malcolm X was quite similar to Steve Biko’s points in Black Consciousness. For example, in the Autobiography of Malcolm X told by Alex Haley, Malcolm said, â€Å"I reflected many, many times to myself upon how the American Negro has been entirely brainwashed from ever seeing or thinking of himself, as he should, as a part of the nonwhite peoples of the world† (Malcolm X, 352). In this particular quote made by Malcolm X, he showed his commitment to race relations and oppression. Malcolm continuously blamed the whites for the problems that African Americans faced in the mid-1900’s. He felt that that blacks needed to come together as a community to work together to overcome white oppression that was taking place. Even though Malcolm X said, â€Å"America needs to understand Islam, because this is the one religion that erases from its society ‘the race problem’†. He felt that the only way for change in America was to have a faith in the Islam religion. Malcolm’s view on liberation was simple. He believed that that African Americans should embrace their heritage, avoid substances that poisoned the mind, and avoid interaction with whites. He once said, â€Å"We didn’t land on Plymouth Rock. Plymouth Rock landed on us†. When he said this, most people questioned his word. He simply meant that slaves didn’t â€Å"land† on America, but America â€Å"landed† on the slaves. By doing that, America ended the hopes and dreams that were in the minds of Africans and African Americans. Steve Biko and Malcolm X shared liberation ideologies to a certain degree. They both felt that Africans and African American cannot be aware and able to expand themselves while having a mindset of being under control by white people. One difference between Malcolm X and Steve Biko was their views on white people and how their views changed in their short lives. Steve Biko didn’t have a great sense of hate for white people in South Africa as Malcolm did in America. Steve Biko was as non-violent as you could get. But, Malcolm X once said, â€Å"Non-violence was the philosophy of a fool†. Malcolm’s views on white people changed drastically throughout his life. When he was young, his parents taught him and his siblings to not take abuse from white people. While in foster care, he became quite comfortable with his situation living with the Swerlins who were white. Once Malcolm moved to Boston, he began treating white people just as they treated him and other blacks in his past; which was horrible. Once Malcolm was in jail his hatred toward white people remained the same due to the fact that his movements toward joining the nation of Islam ended up brainwashing him to think that all whites are the devil. This all changed when Malcolm was released from jail and later took his trip to Mecca where he met white Islam’s who were unprejudiced. Malcolm X and Steve Biko were a lot alike though. They had a genuine love for their race. They also had a ton of courage. They both lived their lives knowing that they had people on their back who wanted to kill them on a daily basis. Malcolm said in the Autobiography, â€Å"I could suddenly die at the hands of some white racist. Or I could suddenly die at the hand of some Negro hired by the white man† (Malcolm, 388). With the amount of death threats being received, they still pushed forward to try and change the lives of their people. One of the greatest things these two men have in common was the fact that they were men of substance and that they gave their own people hope of survival and change. They helped restore self-respect that was lost in their people and carried their selves with the greatest amount of dignity.

Experience of Reggio Emilia Critique

The idea of ‘defamiliarising’ objects and events in order to use them as the topic or the focus for the project work is discussed by Katz as the aspects of the Reggio Emilia approach is based on the project work the topics for which are traditionally taken from the children’s daily experience and surroundings (Katz, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Experience of Reggio Emilia Critique specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The process of ‘defamiliarising’ everyday objects can be defined as the process of ‘unpacking’ these objects, paying much attention to their qualities, particular features, characteristics, unexpected qualities, and all the levels of usability (Katz, 1998). The main issue which is associated with the Reggio Emilia approach is the appropriateness of using the project work with references to the graphic languages for children of 3-6 years. These proje cts are presented as the extended in-depth investigations (Katz, 1998). They are controlled by teachers, but the work of children is organised in such a way to give them more independence. Traditionally, the early children educators concentrate on the children’s verbal expressions of their feelings, ideas, and thoughts with references to the play (Rinaldi, Dahlberg, Moss, 2006). However, the educators who support the Reggio Emilia approach pay attention to the fact that children are able to present their ideas using a lot of graphic languages and participating in the project work. Children can rethink their real-life experiences with the help of drawing and painting, presenting their own interpretation of the objects from their environment and contributing to the development of their emotions and mental skills (Gandini, 1993). The Reggio Emilia approach is discussed as the progressive approach the principles of which are not used in the educational practices widely. For inst ance, the project work with using hundreds of languages for representing the children’s ideas and feelings as the method of the early childhood education is not used in the education system of Saudi Arabia. The context of the education of Saudi Arabia can be discussed as familiar for me. It is necessary to state that the early childhood education in the country is based on the custodial care.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Basing on my own experience, I can note that the educators pay much attention to the traditional development of children’s abilities to express their feelings and thoughts while playing and verbally. Moreover, it is important to focus on the differences in educational approaches according to the gender characteristics. Nevertheless, the idea of ‘defamiliarising’ objects is used as the part of many educational techniques. However, the resu lts of the usage of this method can be referred to the activities which differ from those ones typical for the Reggio Emilia approach significantly, especially for influencing the method of assessing activities (Hatherly Richardson, 2007). Thus, educators in Saudi Arabia pay much attention to children’s examining the objects of the world surround them, but the results of the observations are not used in the projects work as the part of the early childhood education. From this point, the Reggio Emilia approach is rather controversial to be followed in the Islamic society. References Gandini, L. (1993). Fundamentals of the Reggio Emilia approach to early childhood education. Young Children, 49(1), 4-8. Hatherly, A., Richardson, C. (2007). Building connections: Assessment and evaluation revisited. In L. Keesing-Styles H. Hedges (Eds.), Theorizing early childhood practice: Emerging dialogues (pp. 51-70). Castle Hill, NSW: Pademelon Press. Katz, L. (1998). What can we learn fro m Reggio Emilia? In C. Edwards, L. Gandini, G. Forman (Eds.), The hundred languages of children: The Reggio Emilia approach – advanced reflections (pp. 27-50). New Jersey: Ablex Publishing. Rinaldi, C., Dahlberg, G., Moss, P. (2006). In dialogue with Carlina Rinaldi: A discussion between Carlina Rinaldi, Gunilla Dahlberg and Peter Moss. In C. Rinaldi (Ed.), In Dialogue with Reggio Emilia: Listening, researching and learning (pp. 134-160). Oxon: Routledge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Experience of Reggio Emilia Critique specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Experience of Reggio Emilia Critique was written and submitted by user Bright Hen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Endocrine System and Cortisol Essay

Endocrine System and Cortisol Essay Endocrine System and Cortisol Essay Husson University: Lisa Mazzarelli, Instructor Lab 1: Anatomy and Physiology Lab II Study Guide Endocrine System Anatomy and Physiology; Dissection Ex 3, pg. 721, and PhysioEx #4. 1 Introduction This week begins your study of the endocrine system. You will perform a dissection of a cat specimen to identify the major organs of the endocrine system. You will be using the same cat specimen for the duration of the semester, so it is important to start off on the right track. A good, clean, and careful first dissection will make the rest of them go much faster and easier! You will learn endocrine physiology through a PhysioEx simulation exercise. Note: Bring a laptop computer and the PhysioEx CD to lab. Recall from your study of the organ systems in the human body, the endocrine system works with the nervous system to coordinate the function of various physiological systems in the body in order to maintain homeostasis. The endocrine system consists of tissues and glands that secrete hormones. The major organs of the endocrine system are: Pineal gland, Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands, Thymus, Adrenal glands, Pancreas, Ovaries, and Testes. Endocrine Anatomy: What to focus On Dissection Exercise 3: Endocrine Organs, page 721 You will be working in teams of 3. Sometimes it makes things easier to have one person cutting while another person assists with holding parts back or down, while the third person keeps relatively clean hands to page through and read the instructions or point out structures on the diagrams or pictures. It is advisable to alternate duties with each dissection exercise so that each member gets some practice with dissection, assisting , and reading directions. Activities 1 and 2.  Follow the instructions for opening the ventral body cavity of your cat specimen.  Identify the following endocrine organs on the cat: 1. Thyroid gland 2. Thymus 3. Pancreas 4. Adrenal glands 5. Gonads: Ovaries (female) or Testes (male): Make sure to observe a specimen of the opposite sex than yours. Also be sure to observe how different things look between the pregnant verses non-pregnant female specimens.  Identify the following endocrine organs on the brain model: o Hypothalamus o Pineal gland o Pituitary gland Husson University: Lisa Mazzarelli, Instructor 2 Endocrine System Physiology: PhysioEx Exercise 4 Information highlights for Activity 4: Adrenal insufficiency is an endocrine, or hormonal, disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of certain hormones. The adrenal glands are located just above the kidneys. Adrenal insufficiency can be primary or secondary. Primary adrenal insufficiency, also called Addison's disease, occurs when the adrenal glands are damaged and cannot produce enough of the hormone cortisol and often the hormone aldosterone. Addison's disease affects one to four of every 100,000 people, in all age groups and both sexes.1 Secondary adrenal insufficiency occurs when the pituitary gland, a bean-sized organ in the

Financial reporting problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial reporting problem - Assignment Example If the individual components of Total Current Liabilities are taken into account, it can be noticed that short term borrowing has been reduced to nil in 2011 which $26 last year. Accounts payable have increased by $597 in the current year. There was no current portion of long-term debt last year however this year the amount in respect of this account has jumped to $900. Considerable amount of increase can also be observed in respect of other current liabilities which include Accrued Salaries and Benefits by $187, Accrued sales and other taxes by $13, other current liabilities by $212 and, Deferred membership fees by $869. On a concluding note, it can be analyzed that the increase in the Total Current Liabilities by around 20% is a heavy increase. The company is advised to ensure that the current liabilities should be kept under the range of 10%, otherwise the company may be pushed into sever working capital

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Critique of pain assessment tools Sport inventory for Pain - Annotated Bibliography Example The research used a sample 134 base jumpers and Sports Inventory for Pain as its measurement instrument. The participants were approached prior to an event and their involvement was based on free informed consent. The paper concludes that personality traits possibly exist to determine pain coping responses among base divers.i Base diving organizers and participants should therefore consider personal experience in predicting involved pain in base diving (Griffith, Hart, Kessler and Whitmire, n.d.). The research article, as was authored by Bourgeois, Meyers and LeUnes, sought to examine applicability of Sports Inventory for Pain as a tool for measuring the level of pain among sports participants. The research does not have direct research questions but develops a clear objective. With its primary objectives of improving the version of Sports Inventory for Pain and to determine the â€Å"factorial and empirical validity† of the improved version, an implied research question would be, ‘do the revised version of Sports Inventory for Pain have a factorial and empirical validity?’ The research, upon consent from both participants and the University’s review board, subjected participants to an initial version of the tool as well as the improved version. SAS was then used to evaluate the two measurement tools.ii The research concludes that the revised tool is potentially applicable in forecasting individual’s ability to endure pain. It therefore offer s a basis, to athletes and physicians, for ensuring safety measures upon injuries (Bourgeois, Meyers and LeUnes, n.d.). This research aimed at examining the degree of validity of the tool, Sports Inventory for Pain. This develops a general scope for the research’s question, ‘does Sports Inventory for Pain have a psychometric validity?’ In order to conduct the investigations, the researchers conducted three studies in which volunteer university students participated. In the first study, seventy

Cookridge Ltd Essay Example for Free

Cookridge Ltd Essay Inkwell is a Public limited company and was established in 2003, seven years ago by two of its three controlling shareholders, Paul Farnon and Victoria Dawson. Two years ago Anil Gupta bought into the company and joined the board as Finance Director. The company has its head office and warehouse on the industrial estate in Birmingham, where the management team and account department resides, including a large central warehouse. 4.2 The business was set up to offer a part exchange facility online accessible 24 hours a day or physically bring them into one of the 60 shops, and supplies a complete range of re-manufactured inkjet and toner cartridges through nationwide high street shops. Its main competitors are suppliers in the cartridge supplier sector in UK. Its main internal stakeholders are its Board of Directors, being the investors and manager of the organization. Employees, they are the workers of the organization in various departments to run its operations in return for a salary. Its external stakeholders are its: Supplier’s, these are the people that provide the supplies of re-manufactured inkjet and laser toner cartridge after it has been refilled. Customers that pay on cash, order online, or buy at one of the nationwide network of shops. These customers account for 80% of Inkwell Limited revenue. Government of UK, they are interested in the performance of the business in order to be able to collect the taxes on the profit levels. 4.4 The shareholders are still heavily involved in the day to day operations with Paul Fernon as Managing Director with 40% shares with the largest share, Victoria Dawson as Sales Director with 30% shares and Anil Gupta as Finance Director with 30% shares. A qualified Accountant Alex Fox has been employed as the first member of the accountant team that reports to Michael O’Payne but have direct access to the Finance Director as well. 4.5 Inkwell Limited is organized into departments and has an equivalent of 180 employees including  the accounting de partment – see Appendix on page for a structured chart. Analysis and evaluating the system Structure and Function 5.1 The Company Accountant is Michael O’Payne who’s responsible for the running of the accounting department. The first member of the accounts team is Alex Fox with other 5 full time staff. 5.2 The computerized system in the head office is an integrated system which is linked between the different accounting functions. While in other 60 shops they are on a stand-alone basis and data and information are stored separately. 5.3 The different section of the department, its staff and responsibilities: General Ledger and Inventory- Michelle Labelle account clerk. Responsible for entering relevant data into the general ledger, keep financial control over companies inventories. Purchase ledger- Liana Khan accounts clerk. Responsible for liaising with suppliers and other associated transactions. Sales ledger- Greg Morris accounts clerk. Responsible for dealing with customers and other associated transactions. Costing- Alan Cook costing technician. Responsible for dealing with in put costs and other associated transactions. Payroll- Sharon Ward, BA (Hons) is a personnel database and wage clerk. Responsible for preparing monthly salaries and wages for all the employees and all associated transactions and second is to maintain the personnel database. 5.4 The accounting functions in details are: Processing and recording of the financial transactions of the credit customers and credit suppliers of the different sections in the accounts department. Preparation of management information’s on credit sales, credit purchases, costing and payroll associated returns and documents. 5.5 Michelle Labelle in the general ledger and inventory function: Enters all data requiring input directly into company’s cash book and its petty cash imprest system and keep financial control over the company’s inventories. If inventories get above three days’ holding in any shop Michelle has to telephone and get justifications for the variance. 5.6 Liana Khan in the purchase ledger function: Makes sure that all supplier’s invoices and credit notes are entered into the Accounts Payable Ledger, and for Subsequently arranging the payments to suppliers. 5.7 Greg Morris in the sales ledger function Uses a credit reference agency to ensure that potential new credit customers have no history of poor payments. Checks any new customer who applies is always given a line of credit after this trial period. 5.8 Alan Cook in the costing function: Uses a target costing approach, working out what the cost of each component such as ink or plastic, and Supplies management with the monthly basis, and Advises management of variances from target. 5.9 Sharon Ward in the payroll and personnel database function: Operates the company’s two payrolls prepares the pay slips from the rotas prepared by the managers for the staffs. The salaries staffs are paid monthly on the last working day of the month using the Bankers Automated Clearing System (BACS). 6 Review of the accounting system 6.1 Record Keeping System A business needs an effective and manageable recordkeeping system. This is why in the business environment with regulated accounting structures, it is vital that organizations have the necessary records of evidence to support business operations. All transaction is electronically and manually processed to be made available. The necessity to provide access to recorded information is crucial. These are information’s relating to the different accounting function, such as; Purchase Sales Payroll Cash and Banking Record keeping systems are used; To better support the performance of the organization activities and enable better decision making all throughout the structure of the organization. To make sure that information is available for future or current processes, and helps also in the improving and upgrading of the manual or computerized processes. To address any future issues that may arise internally or  externally, such as fraud, lawsuits and other an-ethical accusations. To support the employees in the different functions of the business to be more efficient, productive in the accuracy of delivering the work. Records which are processed and made available are then used to produce other financial reports. Michelle Labelle in the general ledger and inventory function record and process the different inventory, supplier’s data to make available information on: Suppliers Cost prices Selling prices Profit margins Re-order level and quantities The data is used to know the overall cost of inventory, purchase and how much owed to better plan for future costs. Greg Morris in the sales ledger function processes the cash, cheques and other financial data to ensure that information is available on demand for: Customers Selling prices Bad debt Amount customers owed This information is used for different purposes such as; it is used by the debt collection agency for the collections of debt. The use of computerized recording system is more efficient than paper base. This is due to because the use of paper base recording system is more likely to produce errors then having a computerized format that data is just inputted in. Using a computerized system is less costly and time consuming. 6.2 Internal System of Control For an organization to have efficient and effective operation of its activities, internal system of control procedures is used by the management in place to ensure that the organization achieve its goals. This is where policies and procedures come in place to establish an internal control system to maximize the detection of frauds and errors, and to minimize their occurrence also. Existing internal system of control in Inkwell limited are: Supervision of the accounts office by a Company Accountant and Senior accounts member. A staff rota is prepared by the managers to ensure adequate staff coverage for all the opening hours of their shops. An information technology policy exists which sets out rules relevant to securing the computer systems. The computer system throughout the company is password protected. Company cheques are required for authorization by the three directors company accountant and other financial documents for approval. Reconciliation of the purchased stock against recorded inventory level. Purchases duties are segregated to minimize the risk of fraud. A credit rating agency is used to ensure that potentially new credit customers have no history of poor payments. Policy for dealing with non-payment of debt exists, and its state out the actions and procedure. Cheques and cash from customers are kept in office safe until it is banked. Internal control that is missing or can improve is: Company policies and procedures. Disciplinary measure to breach of policy or miss conduct. Management supervision. Segregation of duties Staff Recruitment procedures Staff training and Continual Professional Development. Restriction on accessing of computer systems. Enforcement on Computerize backup of financial documents. Retention and disposal of records throughout the business. Accounting standard and procedures. Risk assessment. Liquidity management. Verification and checks of accounting data. List of authorized access. Checks relating to wages paid out Credit control system. 6.3 Fraud Fraud is the use of deception with the intention of obtaining an advantage, avoiding an obligation or causing loss to someone else or to an  organization; this is the general definition of fraud. It is an unfortunate fact of life and comes in many forms and is recognized as a criminal activity in many countries including UK. Possibility and opportunity of fraud within Inkwell limited is possible due to the internal control is not efficient, efficacious, being deficient and the opportunity of fraud is there for the taking. Fraud covers a wide range of area criminal activity. Common types of fraud are: Theft Dishonestly taking someone else’s property. False accounting – Dishonestly destroying, defacing, concealing or falsifying an accounting record for personal gain or to cause loss to someone else. Bribery and corruption – taking or giving a bribe that might influence the actions of others. Deception – Obtaining property, money, services or evading liability by deception Methods that can be used to detect fraud Fraud can be detected by the experience manager by simple observation and through experience and also through a robust internal control system. Some sigh can include: Employees acting suspiciously – looking shifty and hiding paperwork Employees with higher levels of spending than you would expect from their income Employees working long hours and taking less than the normal holiday entitlement. Employees who have a grudge against the organization. Employees who are known to be short of money. The usage of the internet to for online sale is also at risk of fraud, since customers give Debit and Credit Cards details to pay their debts. Card fraud transaction can be detected by using Business rules. Opportunity and Potential areas of risk of fraud taking place are:  £3000 worth of a particular make of cartridge was unaccounted for during reconciliation of inventory with purchase order. Goods not appearing on the warehouse inventory record. Cash and cheques are entered manually which can be easily be subject to false accounting Complaint’s on wages being underpaid Only one staff operates and have access to payroll system Lack of written instructions Computer are not logged out and locked when not in use. No system in place for warehouse or administrative employees to record and know the time they arrive and when they leave the office The usage of debit or credit card detail by customers over the internet to pay. 6.4 Working Methods and Practices The working methods used in Inkwell Limited are: Computers are attributed to each staff whether part-time or fulltime to work on. The computer systems are run on an integrated network, with all PCs linked to two printers in the department. Every shop has PCs and printers of its own. Microsoft office excel spreadsheets is used in the accounting system for recording of the different data. All computers use Windows Vista operating system and loaded with Microsoft office 2007 consisting of 80-user operating license, and one new computer loaded with Sage Payroll software to unable payroll and personnel system to be run in-house. Internet access is available on every computer with Mozilla Firefox as web browser. Password is used on the computers. Large trade customers are put on a cash-with-order basis for the first three months of business. A credit reference agency is used potentially new customers have no history of bad credit. All cash and cheques are removed from the till, leaving a float of  £50 cash in each for the start of the next day. Staff salaries are paid monthly using the Bankers Automated Clearing System (BACS). Prepared by the wage clerk, signed by the Company Accountant and banked on 24th of each month. The methods and practices can be improved in the following: All 60 computers at the shops operate on a stand-alone system. Excel Spreadsheet being used for recording accounting data. Debt collection agency being used to collect bad debt is expensive. Password used for the computers. The removal of all cash and cheques, from the individual tills are not  practiced. Backing up of computerized data. 6.5 Training Training is essential for every personnel of an organization, as it improve the ability of the staff to perform its work and therefor reducing the amount of errors and hired part time staff used to perform tasks that can’t be done inside the organization. This is why every staff must get the opportunity to continue their professional development and be skilled to perform the task at hand. Inkwell Limited does not have the proper policy and systems in place to encourage employees to be enrolled in a part time or full time course, unless they take it on themselves to address the issue to the management. Benefits of training: Staffs are updated to the accounting standard and regulations. They will be motivated to work and be more efficient due to possibility of a promotion or career opportunity being increased, therefor errors is reduced. Staff will be more skilled to meet the needs of the organization. Professionally regulated staff will be governed by a recognized code of ethics from a professional accountancy body. Will better know how to, manage the time to do the tasks, therefor becoming more flexible and productive. Development of an ethical approach to the work and to employers and clients, acquired by experience and training. WEAKNESSES IDENTIFIED Record keeping system No completion of trial balance, statutory accounts as planned. Window dressing of the accounts. Transaction accounting are not done on a day to day basis Accounting record data entry is not being viewed as apriority by Michael O’Payne and Anil Gupta. Having unusual entries found in the general ledger. Errors may occur in inputting data into the computer. Internal System of Control No proper recruitment procedures in place to hire staff that has dismiss. The existing policies are not fully followed. This includes the Computers information technology policy, with no proper password, and logging off the computer after use. A lack of internal control for detection and fraud prevention Lack of segregation of duties. No proper scheduling back up of all IT systems being followed. No proper security for the shops. No policy for Data protection. No list of authorized personnel to access certain documents. No follow up control in place to the internal controls being followed. No supervision is done to monitor the signing in and signing out in the business. For the 60 shops, computers run on a stand-alone system. No safeguard for the proper security procedures in place/security issues relating to debit and credit cards details over the internet (Identity theft). Fraud Possibility of fraud is high; this may be caused due to: Nothing is done to ensure working practices undergoes a proper way. Inadequate guidance on how to detect and deal with fraud. Low effectiveness of security systems especially the password which does not improved each time is changed and can be guessed easily. A lack of supervision, monitoring and checks of accounting activities and records kept. Debit and Credit cards usage over the internet for customers to pay their debt can be subject to identity theft. Noncompliance to internal control. Unaccounted Cartridge’s worth  £3500, with no record in inventory. Details of transactions being deleted in the database, relating to one-off significant payments. Working Methods and Practices Breach of software and user license for software in use, can bring legal action against the company. No coverage or placement of professional personnel to carry out the work of absent staff. Lack of enforcement of legal requirement trough out the business and working practice is very low due to low standards Liquidity management is very poor. Lack of motivational skills from the directors of the business. No adequate physical controls to ensure the security and safe keeping of the businesses assets so that they do not go missing or are stolen. Working conditions and schedule are not respected by the Directors, having problems prioritizing work Lack of staffs, causing over working of staffs and no coverage or placement of professional personnel to carry out the work of absent staff. Therefor agencies are hired to do the work, which is costly. Job rotation is not practiced in the organization A required computer program needs to be attributed to these functions: Invoicing which is carried out. Data on Excel spreadsheet is manually input. Training More training is needed for operating: Quickcost system Payroll and personal system: Several teething problems experienced with the integrated payroll and personnel database. Need for education is needed for: Professional approach to work. Reliability in terms of competence. How to properly handle a secure credit and debit card transaction. Recommendation Recommendations are done following the various weaknesses identified and mentioned above. Record keeping system The management must ensure that the planned working schedule is followed strictly. If problems meeting the targets occur, it should be communicated to the responsible supervisors so proper action can be taken. Working schedule should be adjusted in so that the review of the payments and all other relating transaction are done earlier so that they don’t have to window dress. Different task must be prioritized by the management, so that conflict does not occur, were task are neglected. Accounting record data entry must be prioritized by the two organization’s directors Michael O’Payne and Anil Gupta. The directors must review the benefits that will be gained. Unsure that the proper records relating to the daily business transaction are entered into the general ledger. Verify the data inputted in the computer to ensure that is correct. Internal System of Control Standard policy and guidelines of hiring staffs should be introduced, pointing out the necessary detailed document that is needed making the  process more transparent and reliable. Staffs should be sensitized of the policies in place and know the importance of respecting them. Setting up a fraud policy which sets out the way to detect and deal with fraud, throughout the different working procedure and practice. Duties should be segregated, by setting up a system, which when combined, could lead to fraud. The existing policy should be re-enforce, so that the record kept on the computers would be backed up on the server regularly to prevent loss of data instead of doing it once a day. Alarm systems should be installed for all the shops of the organization, to better protect the business assets from being stolen. Proper policy and procedures should be introduced. The Data Protection Act should be communicated to all staffs, to better protect the company’s and the customer Data. A list of authorized personnel should be produced and communicated to the staffs. Staff personnel should be put in charge of verifying that all policies in place are being followed. A logging system should be set up to have a record of who comes in the office and at what time. Such system should be monitored to ensure all staff complies. An integrated network should be set up on a server to connect the computers together with proper licensed software. Safeguards should be implemented on the procedure for transaction involving debit and credit card details provided by the customers. A standard and effective Sage Accounting package should be bought to unable: A standard layout of the invoices issued to customers. Enable data to be imported and exported from and to Excel spreadsheets. Enable better detection of errors in the different account ledgers. Fraud To reduce the possibility of fraud and make the internal control system fraud resistant, the various techniques should use: Accounting activities should be supervised on a regular basis. The records and calculation of financial document should be sampled and checked regularly for errors. Make sure that the fraud policy which will be introduced set out the way to detect and deal with fraud, throughout the different working procedure and practice and to make any adjustment necessary. Managers of the various departments should be given areas of responsibilities and answerability to ensure that fraud is kept to a minimum. Value of a business rule management system (BRMS) approach to fraud detection can be implemented. Business rules can be used  to validate various conditions for detecting anomalies that can indicate fraud. Enables institutions to react quickly in their effort to keep pace with fraudsters. Disciplinary measures or penalties should be set up for breaking an internal control or if a staff is practicing fraudulent act. Physical security should be re-enforced, locking up valuable items away, such as cash and cheques. Set up a limit to which a financial transaction should be requiring authorization, by one or more authorized signature. This may range from petty cash or cheques over a certain amount. Doing a regular reconciliation of the accounts to the financial documents to make sure they balance and errors corrected. Management should carry out Risk Assessments as part of the of an effective internal control system. Working Methods and Practices Make sure that all computers use license software in all the shops and departments, monitor that the license are not broken causing legal action to the organization. Adequate number of specialized staffs should be introduced for the coverage of staff that is absent. The business must comply with all relevant External regulations. Such as international accounting standards even government regulation from HMRC. This will aid in raising the standard of working practices. Better management of buying inventory from suppliers. Credit to customers should be reduced. The managers should undergo a management course, to learn how to better manage their business, motivate their employees through training, giving out bonuses, paying for overtime and other incentives. All assets should be recorded and proper management of the assets should be put in place, to know the life cycle. Directors should produce an effective working schedule, reducing the stress on employees. Adequate number of specializ ed staffs should be introduced for the coverage of staff that is absent. Produce an effective rota to unable the staff to rotate to different accounting functions in the organization. A standard and effective Sage Accounting package should be bought to unable: A standard layout of the invoices issued to customers. Enable data to be imported and exported from and to Excel spreadsheets. Enable better detection of errors in the different account ledgers. Training More training should be provided for: Quick cost system Payroll and personal system To ensure that staff has the necessary skills and knowledge to be more effective and reliable in their work, in terms of competence: Staffs Training should be invested in by the management, to better handle the daily tasks. Including Debit Credit cards transactions This should include internal or external training courses for using any newly introduced accounting package. Telephone support lines made available by the software provider. Workshops on the improvement of staffs’ communications skills. Cost benefit analysis Improvement Recommended Cost of Time Benefits Time spent by manager in Training 25 hours Ãâ€" 3 Ãâ€"  £25 per hour Time spent by 5 account staff 25 hours Ãâ€" 5 Ãâ€"  £15 per hour TOTAL TRAINING COST  £ 1875 1875 3750 The work output will be more accurate due to the raise of standard. The organization will appear more professional, more efficient, meanings fewer errors and problems. Cost of hiring new Accounting staffs  £ 192000 The different responsibilities can be segregated and work will be done faster. Setting up of computers on a network Cost of hardware Installation cost  £ 5000 1000 6000 Access to data will be easier which will speed up the work and save time. New accounting Package Cost of the software Installation cost cost of training the staff 10000 3000 3500 16500 Many routine operations will be speeded up, save time and reduces wages bill. 9.2 To carry out a Risk assessment the management will require 2 hours per month. This will discourage and reduce the risk of fraud in the accounting system by identifying the areas of the risk of fraud and then setting up a system in place to detect any possibility of fraud and then deal with it, making the system more reliable. Appendices SWOT Analysis Strengths Record keeping system Using an archiving computer package to store full accounting records. Easy access to past exact copy of company accounting transactions. Sage Payroll software was loaded in the accounts department to enable the new payroll and personnel system to be in house. Excel spreadsheets are used for maintaining the inventory information. Integrated General, Accounts payable and Accounts Receivable set of ledger principal financial accounting system. Internal system of control An information technology policy exist which sets out rules relevant to securing the computer systems. The computer system throughout the company is password protected. A credit rating agency is used to ensure that potentially new credit customers have no history of poor payment. Value of a business rule management system (BRMS) approach to fraud detection benefits: The performance of the rules is high enough to provide real-time detection of anomalies based on several criteria, including multiple sources, transaction values, card-use frequency, merchant and location of the charges. If implemented new detection policies can be activated in hours, instead of months, helping to reduce lost revenue and increase customer satisfaction and provides safety in online transaction.

Folly of Science Exposed in Shelley’s Frankenstein and E.T.A. Hoffman’s

Folly of Science Exposed in Shelley’s Frankenstein and E.T.A. Hoffman’s Sandman In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and E.T.A. Hoffman’s Sandman, elements of science are portrayed in a negative light, warning the reader of the dangers of the unknown. Many aspects of science and technology are portrayed from alchemy and robotics in the Sandman to biology and chemistry in Frankenstein. The stories feature similar main characters that break the boundaries of conventional society in order to investigate their desires. Each story features a "living doll", or a creation of man that, while first made for good, results in evil. When we read The Sandman, we are left in doubt as to whether what is happening to Nathaniel is real or merely in his mind. For instance, when Hoffmann introduces Olympia, he does not mention whether she is a human being or a doll; and he does so in such a way the reader may not immediately realize this. We take for granted that Olympia is a real person, because we expect Nathaniel to know the difference. During the course of the story, the Sandman as Copp...

Multicultural Literature Essay- Eleithia Essay

Author, Alice Walker’s, Elethia, is a story of young Elethia who struggles to overcome a legacy of passivity, marginalization, inferiority, and misrepresentation of the Negro. To define her own identity she must break free and simultaneously hold on to the central figure that causes her to doubt her identity. Uncle Albert is a symbol of racism and the blindness that oftentimes presents itself within the Negro culture. There is a quote given by the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., â€Å"there are many Negros who will never fight for freedom, but will gladly accept it when it comes!† Dr. King’s remarks are favored by me in the fight against racism and I understand it to mean this. That while segregation, impartiality, brutality and blatant disrespect are present, there will always be a certain percentage of people, belonging to an oppressed culture, who will idly sit by and accept the countless improprieties set before them while others continuously fight to break down the walls of bigotry. In the town in which Elethia made her home, Uncle Albert had been a fixture in the window of the Old Uncle Albert’s restaurant for good length of time. So long that some of the old-timers, who had known Uncle Albert before his murder, were victims of fading memories, â€Å"perhaps both memory and eyesight were wrong (Brown p.307).† As a humanist, I am annoyed that the story is absent, perhaps accidentally or possibly on purpose, that not one member of the African American community protested or took any actions to give Uncle Albert’s likeness a release. I understand fear. The fear of retribution and death at the hands of white supremacists, however years, an entire generation in fact, had passed and Uncle Albert’s remains still stood smiling in the white-only eatery. Since slavery religious instruction was aimed â€Å"to inculcate meekness and docility (Aptheker 122).† What about after the doors  of the church were closed? Throughout the short story, there is no mention of a revolutionary plot or rebellion by any one person or persons of the community. Elethia, young and still not sure of who she was, made the horrific discovery that Uncle Albert was stuffed as if he were and animal. At that moment, she along with her friends made the conscious decision that smiling Uncle Albert had to be excluded as a fixture in a plated glass window in order to give dignity to the Negro culture. I am a firm believer in non-violence but only when you are dealing with people who share the same view of non-violence. The story does not give the reader any hint that there was a rumble from the community of Negro people at a time when a loud noise should have sounded off. At a time when the Civil Rights Movement was in its infancy, the passiveness of the entire African American community of the small southern town gave credence to the myth of the docile Negro. Throughout American history, any person or persons of the American society, whom skin is deemed to be colored has been marginalized since he has placed his foot on American soil. The Negros place in society has been viewed as less important than those of his white brethrens. In Elethia, a young black boy’s privates were left nailed to a post for the town’s people, which included blacks and whites to see. I will take this crude act and look at in two ways to support my theory of marginalization: the first angle will be taken from a white societal viewpoint in that a young Negro boy is not looked upon as a human being. He is simply a person of color who is absent of pathos, and intellect. His status in the general public is placed the lowest echelon on the societal chain, therefore he does not warrant the right to be buried properly in a grave. The act of inhumanity can secondly be viewed by the African American community as an act of intimidation by the oppressor to furt her propel the theory of marginalization and minimize their self worth as citizens of a so called pluralist society. This marginalization theory leads to societal exclusion, the act of leaving one social class at a disadvantage while elevating another social class to point where there becomes a false sense of superiority. This false sense of superiority can and will result in inferiority, a mental prison. The bedrock of inferiority, that is the views that white America or Americans  have toward their opposites, who are black Americans derived from the words set forth by one of our founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson, in his Letters to the State of Virginia. In its fourteenth query he describes what he perceives the Negro to be: â€Å"The negro differences which are physical and moral. The first difference which strikes us is that of colour. Is it not the foundation of a greater or less share of beauty in the two races? Are not the fine mixtures of red and white, the expressions of every passion by greater or less suffusions of colour in the one, preferable to that eternal monotony, which reigns i n the countenances, that immoveable veil of black which covers all the emotions of the other race? Add to these, flowing hair, a more elegant symmetry of form, their own judgment in favour of the whites, declared by their preference of them, as uniformly as is the preference of the Oranootan for the black women over those of his own species. The circumstance of superior beauty, is thought worthy attention in the propagation of our horses, dogs, and other domestic animals; why not in that of man? Besides those of colour, figure, and hair, there are other physical distinctions proving a difference of race. They have less hair on the face and body. Perhaps too a difference of structure in the pulmonary apparatus, which a late ingenious (1) experimentalist has discovered to be the principal regulator of animal heat, may have disabled them from extricating, in the act of inspiration, so much of that fluid from the outer air, or obliged them in expiration, to part with more of it. They seem to require less sleep. A black, after hard labour through the day, will be induced by the slightest amusements to sit up till midnight, or later, though knowing he must be out with the first dawn of the morning. An animal whose body is at rest, and who does not reflect, must be disposed to sleep of course. Comparing them by their faculties of memory, reason, and imagination, it appears to me, that in memory they are equal to the whites; in reason much inferior, as I think one could scarcely be found capable of tracing and comprehending the investigations of Euclid; and that in imagination they are dull, tasteless, and anomalous. It would be unfair to follow them to Africa for this investigation. We will consider them here, on the same stage with the whites, and where the facts are not apocryphal on which a judgment is to be formed. It will be right to make great allowances for the difference of condition, of education, of conversation, of the sphere in which they move. I find that a black had uttered a thought above the level of plain narration; never see even an elementary trait of painting or sculpture. In music they are more generally gifted than the whites with accurate ears for tune and time, and they have been found capable of imagining a small catch (2). Whether they will be equal to the composition of a more extensive run of melody, or of complicated harmony, is yet to be proved. Misery is often the parent of the most affecting touches in poetry. — Among the blacks is misery enough, God knows, but no poetry. Love is the peculiar ;oestrum of the poet. Their love is ardent, but it kindles the senses only, not the imagination. Religion indeed has produced a Phyllis Whately; but it could not produce a poet (Jefferson).† Mr. Jefferson claims that the Negro is less beautiful than whites and that Negro man desires the free flowing long hair of the white woman over that of the Negro women. He says the Negro lacks intelligence, so much so that he doesn’t know when to lie down when his body calls for rest. The Negro is quite capable of imagining, but lacks the skill to produce works of art. The Negro has a foul odor. The Negro has a different pulmonary apparatus than that of the Anglo- man. Thomas Jefferson’s query is the foundation in which biased racial views were built upon and the home in which inferiority breeds. In the context of Elethia, she was not allowed to eat in the white-only establishment, however, she was permitted to take a menial position as the kitchen help. This added to her as well as the other Negro worker’s persistent feelings of inadequacy. â€Å"Not good enough to eat here but good enough to clean your slop jar (Anderson, 323)!† She was able to look but not touch. In Walker’s, Elethia, Uncle Albert not only was he angry when he and his family learned that slavery had ended a decade prior to his knowledge. He felt inferior because due to the oppression of his owner he became an paradigm of Thomas Jefferson’s statement â€Å"the Negro lacks intelligence (Jefferson query XIV).† Uncle Albert did not possess the skill or intellect that kept him ignorant to the laws and abolishment of slavery. His lack of knowledge perpetuated the feelings of inferiority. Another example of inadequacy came to pass when Elethia learned the truth of Uncle Albert’s remains. She saw this as a mockery and another disregard for a Negro life. She viewed Uncle Albert’s standing in the window as a shadow  of racism. The plate glass window holding Uncle Albert’s smiling remains is a misrepresentation of the African American Community. He was placed there like a caricature advertisement to entice patrons to dine at the all white faci lity where they will be handled with the utmost care by our friendly waiter, Uncle Albert. First, the African American old-timers in the text make it clear that Uncle Albert was nobodies Uncle, â€Å"and wouldn’t sit still for anyone to call him that either (Brown 308)†. Second he never smiled, in fact the text leads the reader to believe that Uncle Albert was a bit of a surly man, who was filled with a lot of anger and nowhere to extinguish it. If occasionally he managed to open his mouth in the form of a smile, there would be vacancies where teeth had once dwelled. When the old timers, who were members of the African American community, talked about Uncle Albert, they used his name Albert Porter. This momentarily afforded a black man a little slice of dignity, a representation of a man lacking inferiorities. With the removing of the young black boy’s genitals from the post, Uncle Albert gave the boy and his family a slice of the same pie of dignity; a slice that represented that someone showed compassion for another human soul. In my opinion, the placing of Uncle Albert in the window of the segregated eatery, it says that the Negro will always be less than, enslaved, and subservient in life or in death so he should â€Å"grin and act like a nigger (Brown 309).† When in slavery, Uncle Albert was beaten severely because his oppressor wanted him to forget his past. This was a blatant misrepresentation of him and every black person housed between the walls of racism. Uncle Albert refused to forget. His refusal brought him additional pain and suffering. Stubbornness would not allow him to forget and succumb to the smiling happy Negro. In finding ones identity, one oftentimes has to look at others. Noted scholoar, WEB DuBois explore the Negro culture. In regards to identity he tells us about the double consciousness. â€Å"This double consciousness is a psychological sense experienced by the African Americans whereby they possess the national identity, â€Å"an American,† within a nation that despises their racial identity and that blacks see themselves only through the eyes of white Americans to measure intelligence beauty, and a sense of self-worth by standards set by others (DuBois 4).† Young Elethia was coming of age and her inquisitive nature uncovered truths and these truths led to more inquiries. Who am I? Who is Uncle Albert? Am I my community? Am I Uncle Albert? Am I going to let someone who keeps my community in oppression define who WE should be? Between the lines of the text these questions rang out to me. The title of the short story is Elethia, which when you search for names for girls you find that Elethia means healer. Was Elethia taking on the role as healer for the entire African American community? Was she only there to heal the memory of Uncle Albert? In a search for Elethia’s identity, I think that maybe the author, Walker, purposely named her character Elethia as a subtle way to aide her in the restorative process against inequality. The removal of the symbol of pain weaved together with a mythological symbol that helps lessen the pain in order to make a society whole, is nothing short of genius. It not only helped in the formation of young Elethia it gave a self-esteem booster to the African American community. The absence of Uncle Albert in effect may have unmasked the veil in which W.E.B. DuBois says the black folk live under (14). Uncle Albert’s persona displayed in the window puts me in the mind of Aunt Jemima, a mammy black face figure, with a big smile, whom is overly obedient, and whose primary goal in life is to be happy and subservient to the Anglo community. This is viewed as a negative stereotype in the African American community, not just in the small southern town, but all over America. Due to the veil worn by the African American community, Aunt Jemima was accepted by the African American community before the veil was lifted. The Aunt Jemima persona was juxtaposed as to what Uncle Albert was in life. With him no longer in the window that element has disappeared and the Negro has the freedom to create his own identity. By removing him from the window and giving him a proper cremation, the ‘young self imposed civil rights activist/reconciliators of the community’ not only released him from the glass plated walls of slavery but they gave him a spiritual release to heal his soul and the souls of the community. Not only was Uncle Albert a remembrance of pain he became a commemoration of healing when Elethia along with her friends decided in an act to resist racism decided to free Uncle Albert it became a cleansing for the African American’s of the town. By keeping his ashes it was a reminder of the past; albeit a past Uncle Albert refused to forget. Uncle Albert was not allowed to be free, to go  off to college to be and do better things. He was trapped. Keeping his ashes was also a symbol of humbleness to not forget where you started from. Elethia saw change that disallowed her and her friends to become trapped. This change allowed members of the African American community everywhere to claim and create who they wanted to be for themselves, as well as their families. In Elethia’s travels in life she had ran into several Uncle Alberts and Aunt Albertas who were not permitted to exist (Brown 309). The African American individuals whom were not permitted to be seen or heard by means of oppression, or their own lack or inability to seek a better life. His ashes are a constant reminder of who she is now in the present, how far she has come, and how much further she needs to maintain the feeling of wholeness. Although Wikipedia is not a scholarly source, it gave me the definition of identity and I believe it is reasonably accurate. Identity is defined as sameness, or whatever makes an entity definable and recognizable. By transcribing the memory of Uncle Albert it did just that and also Elethia also created a legacy. This legacy that can be retold without censure or wrong misgivings which gives legacy gives the African American Community a place in history; a place that says yes our people do and did exist. In addition a legacy is about the way one lived or is living in hopes that the future outcome will have results greater than the past. Elethia’s legacy also provides the African American community with history that mirrors the way they look, traditions that existed, the way they speak, and the way they were forced to live. This culmination of factors adds to Elethia as well as the Negro community and adds to each ones identity. I once read somewhere that without a legacy the meaning of life is sometimes lost. Had some of the Uncle Alberts and Aunt Albertas in Elethia path lost their meaning of life and may that loss caused them to be blind? Maybe or maybe not, however one struggle to overcome the products of racism can definitely effect the way ones views himself. In conclusion a legacy can oftentimes become the catalyst that brings about social change and is a definite component of identity. WORK CITED Anderson, J.D., My Bouquet of Kisses, Esquire Publications, Inc.: 3rd edition (April 2011). Aptheker, Henry., American Negro Slave Revolts, Publisher: Intl Pub; 5 edition (August 1983). Brown, Wesley & Ling, Amy, Imagining America Stories from the Promised Land: Persea Books, Inc.: 1st edition (2002). DuBois, W.E.B., The Souls of Black Folk, Barnes & Nobles Classics with New Introduction (1903) Republished 2003. Jefferson, Thomas, Notes on the State of Virginia, (1781) www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/notes-on-the-state-of-virginia-by-thomas-jefferson-1781-1782-2. www.wikipedia.com Identity. Retrieved August 4, 2012.

This Paper Aimed To Explore The Concept Of Sustainability

This paper aimed to explore the concept of sustainability of nursing innovations guided by the concept analysis framework developed by Wilson (1969). Although attention in the literature of implementation science has arisen in a few decades, there is a need to identify a concrete definition to capture the essential elements in the concept of nursing innovations sustainability. This paper will present the connotative definitions and attributes, operational definition, antecedents, consequences, exemplar cases, contributes to nursing science and practice, and suggestions to further development of the concept. Background There are many intervention study focus on investigating the effectiveness of nursing interventions. The field of†¦show more content†¦Because the sustainability is an essential issue when developing nursing innovations. It is important for nursing scientists to have a clear operational definition and understand the boundary of the concept. 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